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Vendémiaire

(Encyclopedia) VendémiaireVendémiaireväNdāmyĕrˈ [key], first month of the French Revolutionary calendar. 13 Vendémiaire of the year iv (Oct. 5, 1795) was the day when Napoleon Bonaparte, until then…

Moreau, Jean Victor

(Encyclopedia) Moreau, Jean VictorMoreau, Jean VictorzhäN vēktôrˈ [key]Moreau, Jean Victor môrōˈ [key], 1763–1813, French general in the French Revolutionary Wars. Despite his successes on the Rhine…

Brumaire

(Encyclopedia) BrumaireBrumairebrümârˈ [key], second month of the French Revolutionary calendar. The coup of 18 (actually 18–19) Brumaire (Nov. 9–10, 1799), engineered chiefly by Sieyès, overthrew…

Saint-Raphaël

(Encyclopedia) Saint-RaphaëlSaint-RaphaëlsăN-räfäĕlˈ [key], town (1990 pop. 26,799), Var dept., SE France, on the French Riviera. It is an elegant resort and a small commercial port as well as an…

Masséna, André

(Encyclopedia) Masséna, AndréMasséna, AndréäNdrāˈ mäsānäˈ [key], 1758–1817, marshal of France, b. Nice. Of humble origin, he entered (1791) the French army and rose rapidly because of his brilliant…

Cisalpine Republic

(Encyclopedia) Cisalpine RepublicCisalpine Republicsĭsălˈpīn [key], Italian state created by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 by uniting the Transpadane and Cispadane republics, which he had established (…

Lodi, city, Italy

(Encyclopedia) LodiLodilôˈdē [key], city (1991 pop. 42,250), Lombardy, N Italy, on the Adda River, near Milan. It is an important dairy and light industrial center. The city is located near the site…

Borghese

(Encyclopedia) BorgheseBorghesebōrgāˈzā [key], Roman noble family, originally of Siena. It produced one pope, Paul V, several cardinals, and many prominent citizens. The Borghese were noted patrons…

Josephine

(Encyclopedia) Josephine, 1763–1814, empress of the French (1804–9) as the consort of Napoleon I. Born Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de la Pagerie in Martinique, she was married in 1779 to Alexandre de…

Concordat of 1801

(Encyclopedia) Concordat of 1801, agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII that reestablished the Roman Catholic Church in France. Napoleon took the initiative in negotiating this…