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Brewer's: Concordat

An agreement made between a ruler and the Pope relative to the collation of benefices. As the Concordat of 1801 between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII.; the Concordat of 1516 between…

Brewer's: Directory

The French constitution of 1795, when the executive was vested in five persons called directors, one of whom retired every year. After a sickly existence of four years, it was quashed by…

Napoleon II

(Encyclopedia) Napoleon II, 1811–32, son of Napoleon I and Marie Louise, known as the king of Rome (1811–14), as the prince of Parma (1814–18), and after that as the duke of Reichstadt. Napoleon's…

Napoleon, Louis

(Encyclopedia) Napoleon, Louis, 1800–1881, African American abolitionist. He lived in a community of free blacks in Staten Island, N.Y., working as a porter and furniture polisher while secretly…

Code Napoléon

(Encyclopedia) Code NapoléonCode Napoléonkôd näpôlāôNˈ [key] or Code CivilCode Napoléonsēvēlˈ [key], first modern legal code of France, promulgated by Napoleon I in 1804. The work of J. J. Cambacérès…

Brewer's: Nightmare

(A). A sensation in sleep as if something heavy were sitting on our breast. (Anglo-Saxon, mara, an incubus.) This sensation is called in French cauchemar. Anciently it was not unfrequently…

Brewer's: Triads

Three subjects more or less connected formed into one continuous poem or subject: thus the Creation, Redemption, and Resurrection would form a triad. The conquest of England by the Romans…

Masson, Frédéric

(Encyclopedia) Masson, Frédéric, 1847–1923, French historian, an authority on Napoleon I and his family. His work is uncritically laudatory with regard to Napoleon himself; his admiration, however,…

Is Vatican City a Country?

Is the Holy See a proper nation? The Vatican City is a microstate located within but independent from the City of Rome in Italy. While Vatican City is tiny, it is treated as a sovereign nation in…