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Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, 2d duke of

(Encyclopedia) Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, 2d duke of, d. 1455, English statesman and general. He fought in France in the Hundred Years War, receiving his first command in 1431, recapturing Harfleur…

Urban V

(Encyclopedia) Urban V, 1310–70, pope (1362–70), a Provençal named Guillaume de Grimoard; successor of Innocent VI. He was a Benedictine renowned for his knowledge of canon law. The great event of…

Abbadids

(Encyclopedia) AbbadidsAbbadidsăˈbədĭdz [key], Arab dynasty in Spain that ruled Seville from 1023 to 1091. Taking advantage of the disintegration of the caliphate of Córdoba, the cadi [judge-governor…

Yevpatoriya

(Encyclopedia) YevpatoriyaYevpatoriyayĕfpətôˈrēə [key], city (1989 pop. 109,000), E Crimea. From 1954 part of Ukraine (then the Ukrainian SSR), it passed to Russian control in 2014 after the…

Kingdoms and Monarchs of the World

Top of Page Monarchies used to rule the world. From the beginning of all human society in Mesopotamia 4,000 years ago, to the end of the British Empire in the mid-20th century, kings and queens…

Innocent VI

(Encyclopedia) Innocent VI, d. 1362, pope (1352–62), a Frenchman named Étienne Aubert; successor of Clement VI. He was a well-known jurist and was created cardinal in 1342. He lived at Avignon. He…

Ivan VI

(Encyclopedia) Ivan VI, 1740–64, czar of Russia (1740–41), great-grandson of Ivan V. He was the son of Prince Anthony Ulric of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and of Anna Leopoldovna. An infant, he succeeded…

Pius VI

(Encyclopedia) Pius VI, 1717–99, pope (1775–99), an Italian named G. Angelo Braschi, b. Cesena; successor of Clement XIV. He was created cardinal in 1774. Early in his reign he was faced with the…

Urban VI

(Encyclopedia) Urban VI, 1318?–1389, pope (1378–89), whose election was the immediate cause of the Great Schism; a Neapolitan named Bartolomeo Prignano; successor of Gregory XI. He was made…

Lucullus

(Encyclopedia) Lucullus (Lucius Licinius Lucullus Ponticus)Lucullusl&oomacr;kŭlˈəs [key], c.110 b.c.–56 b.c., Roman general. He served in the Social War under Sulla, who made him his favorite. He…