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Augustus III

(Encyclopedia) Augustus III, 1696–1763, king of Poland (1735–63) and, as Frederick Augustus II, elector of Saxony (1733–63); son of Augustus II, whom he succeeded in Saxony. Elected king of Poland by…

Anna, czarina of Russia

(Encyclopedia) Anna (Anna Ivanovna)Annaänˈnə ĭväˈnôvnə [key], 1693–1740, czarina of Russia (1730–40), daughter of Ivan V and niece of Peter I (Peter the Great). On the death of her distant cousin,…

Beaufort, Henry

(Encyclopedia) Beaufort, HenryBeaufort, Henrybōˈfərt [key], 1377?–1447, English prelate and statesman. The son of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, and his mistress (later wife) Catherine Swynford,…

George V, king of Great Britain and Ireland

(Encyclopedia) George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert), 1865–1936, king of Great Britain and Ireland (1910–36), second son and successor of Edward VII. At the age of 12 he commenced a naval career…

Mar, John Erskine, 2d (or 7th) earl of

(Encyclopedia) Mar, John Erskine, 2d (or 7th) earl of, 1558–1634, Scottish nobleman; son of the 1st (or 6th) earl. In 1578 he was persuaded by James Douglas, 4th earl of Morton, to assert his claims…

Charles VII, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Charles VII (Charles the Well Served), 1403–61, king of France (1422–61), son and successor of Charles VI. His reign saw the end of the Hundred Years War. Although excluded from the…

Margaret Tudor

(Encyclopedia) Margaret Tudor, 1489–1541, queen consort of James IV of Scotland; daughter of Henry VII of England and sister of Henry VIII. Her marriage (1503) to James was accompanied by a treaty of…

Stuart, James, earl of Arran

(Encyclopedia) Stuart or Stewart, James, earl of ArranStuart or Stewart, James, earl of Arranârˈən [key], d. 1595, Scottish nobleman. He spent his early years as a soldier of fortune fighting in the…

Frederick William I

(Encyclopedia) Frederick William I, 1688–1740, king of Prussia (1713–40), son and successor of Frederick I. He continued the administrative reforms and the process of centralization begun by…

Alba Iulia

(Encyclopedia) Alba Iulia Alba Iulia älˈbä-y&oomacr;ˈlyä [key], Hung. Gyulafehérvár, Ger. Karlsburg, town, W central Romania, in Transylvania, on the Mureşul River. It…