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John, king of England

(Encyclopedia) John, 1167–1216, king of England (1199–1216), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. John, though often cruel and treacherous, was an excellent administrator, much concerned…

Brewer's: Bands

Clerical bands are a relic of the ancient amice, a square linen tippet tied about the neck of priests during the administration of mass (Discontinued by the parochial clergy the latter…

Brewer's: Black Books

To be in my black books. In bad odour; in disgrace; out of favour. The black books were those compiled in the reign of Henry VIII. to set forth the scandalous proceedings of the English…

Brewer's: Friendships Broken

(Eng. Hist.): Elizabeth and the Earl of Essex. Henry II. and Thomas Becket. Henry VIII. and Cardinal Wolsey. Newman (J.H.) and Whately. Wesley and Whitefield. Other examples in other…

Brewer's: League

The Grey League [lia grischa]. 15th century. So called from the grey homespun dress adopted by the leaguers. The Holy League. Several leagues are so denominated. The three following are…

Brewer's: Harry Soph

A student at Cambridge who has “declared” for Law or Physic, and wears a full-sleeve gown. The word is a corruption of the Greek Heri-sophos (more than a Soph or common second-year student…

Alfonso II, king of Aragón

(Encyclopedia) Alfonso II, 1152–96, king of Aragón (1162–96) and, as Raymond Berengar V, count of Barcelona (1162–96); son and successor of Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragón.…

chemin de fer

(Encyclopedia) chemin de ferchemin de fershəmănˈ də fûr, Fr. shəmăNˈ də fĕr [key] [Fr.,=railroad], the most popular gambling card game in Europe. The present day versions are variations of Italian…

Benedict XI

(Encyclopedia) Benedict XI, d. 1304, pope (1303–4), an Italian (b. Treviso) named Niccolo Boccasini; successor of Boniface VIII. Prior to his election he had been master general of the Dominican…