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Clement VII, pope

(Encyclopedia) Clement VII, c.1475–1534, pope (1523–34), a Florentine named Giulio de' Medici; successor of Adrian VI. He was the nephew of Lorenzo de' Medici and was therefore first cousin of Pope…

Stucley, Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Stucley or Stukely, ThomasStucley or Stukely, Thomasboth: sty&oomacr;ˈklē [key], 1525?–1578, English adventurer. He was rumored to be an illegitimate son of Henry VIII. He was in…

Federal Farmer VIII

Federal Farmer VIII3 January 1788by See also Federalist No. 56Dear sir,Before I proceed to examine the objections, I beg leave to add a valuable idea respecting representation, to be…

Old Sarum

(Encyclopedia) Old SarumOld Sarumsârˈəm [key], site of a former city, Wiltshire, S England, just N of Salisbury (New Sarum). Excavations and scanning technologies have revealed remains of a British…

Mary I, 1516–58, queen of England

(Encyclopedia) Mary I (Mary Tudor), 1516–58, queen of England (1553–58), daughter of Henry VIII and Katharine of Aragón. During the spread of Protestantism in the reign of her half-brother, Edward…

Innocent VIII

(Encyclopedia) Innocent VIII, 1432–92, pope (1484–92), a Genoese named Giovanni Battista Cibo; successor of Sixtus IV. He was made a cardinal in 1473. His close friend, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere…

Christian VIII

(Encyclopedia) Christian VIII, 1786–1848, king of Denmark (1839–48), nephew of Christian VII; successor of Frederick VI. As governor and king (May–Oct., 1814) of Norway he accepted a liberal…

Edward VIII

(Encyclopedia) Edward VIII, 1894–1972, king of Great Britain and Ireland (1936), known in later years as the duke of Windsor; eldest son of George V. He attended the naval colleges at Osborne and…

Ptolemy VIII

(Encyclopedia) Ptolemy VIII (Ptolemy Physcon)Ptolemy VIIItŏlˈəmē [key]Ptolemy VIIIfĭsˈkən [key], d. 116 b.c., king of ancient Egypt (145–116 b.c.), of the Macedonian dynasty, brother of Ptolemy VI.…

Amadeus VIII

(Encyclopedia) Amadeus VIIIAmadeus VIIIămədēˈəs [key], 1383–1451, count (1391–1416) and duke (from 1416) of Savoy, antipope (1439–49) with the name Felix V. In 1434 he appointed his son regent of…