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Clarke, James Freeman

(Encyclopedia) Clarke, James Freeman, 1810–88, American Unitarian clergyman and author, b. Hanover, N.H. While in charge of the Unitarian church in Louisville, Ky. (1833–40), he was for three years…

Chesapeake & Ohio Railway

(Encyclopedia) Chesapeake & Ohio Railway (C&O), former U.S. transportation company with railroad lines in eight states, Washington, D.C., and Ontario, Canada. Founded as the Louisa RR Company…

Kirchhoff, Gustav Robert

(Encyclopedia) Kirchhoff, Gustav RobertKirchhoff, Gustav Robertg&oobreve;sˈtäf rōˈbĕrt kĭrkhˈhôf [key], 1824–87, German physicist. He served as professor of physics at the universities of Breslau…

Fontana

(Encyclopedia) Fontana, city (2020 pop. 208,393), San Bernardino co., S Calif., at the foot of the San Bernardino Mts.; inc. 1952. Fabricated metal…

Songhua

(Encyclopedia) SonghuaSonghuas&oomacr;ngˈhwäˈ [key] or SungariSonghuas&oobreve;nˈgäˈrēˈ [key], river of NE China, c.1,150 mi (1,850 km) long, rising in the Changbai Mts., Jilin prov., and…

Ross, Sir John

(Encyclopedia) Ross, Sir John, 1777–1856, British arctic explorer and rear admiral. In 1818 he went in search of the Northwest Passage but turned back after exploring Baffin Bay. Financed by Sir…

Saionji, Kimmochi, Prince

(Encyclopedia) Saionji, Kimmochi, PrinceSaionji, Kimmochi, Princekēmōˈchē sīōnˈjē [key], 1850–1940, Japanese statesman. He took part in the Meiji restoration, then spent 10 years in France, absorbing…

Brahe, Tycho

(Encyclopedia) Brahe, TychoBrahe, Tychotīˈkō brä [key], 1546–1601, Danish astronomer. The most prominent astronomer of the late 16th cent., he paved the way for future discoveries by improving…

Wyoming Valley

(Encyclopedia) Wyoming Valley, c.20 mi (30 km) long and 3 to 4 mi (4.8–6.4 km) wide, in Luzerne co., NE Pa., through which flows the Susquehanna River. Wilkes-Barre is the major city of this once-…

New England Confederation

(Encyclopedia) New England Confederation, union for “mutual safety and welfare” formed in 1643 by representatives of the colonies of Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven. They met…