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Cockburn, Sir Alexander James Edmund

(Encyclopedia) Cockburn, Sir Alexander James Edmund, 1802–80, British jurist. He was called to the bar in 1829, and a volume of reports on election cases (1832) brought him into national prominence…

Root, John Wellborn

(Encyclopedia) Root, John Wellborn, 1850–91, American architect, b. Lumpkin, Ga. He worked in New York City with James Renwick and became a partner of D. H. Burnham in Chicago. The firm created the…

Ludwig, Otto

(Encyclopedia) Ludwig, OttoLudwig, Ottoôˈtō [key]Leven, Loch l&oomacr;tˈvĭkh [key], 1813–65, German writer. He was one of Germany's first modern realists; although his plots were melodramatic, he…

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich

(Encyclopedia) Turgenev, Ivan SergeyevichTurgenev, Ivan Sergeyevichēvänˈ syĭrgāˈəvĭch t&oomacr;rgāˈnyĭf [key], 1818–83, Russian novelist, dramatist, and short-story writer, considered one of the…

Purkinje, Johannes Evangelista

(Encyclopedia) Purkinje, Johannes EvangelistaPurkinje, Johannes Evangelistayōhänˈəs āˌväng-gālĭsˈtä p&oobreve;rˈkĭnyā [key], 1787–1869, Czech physiologist. While professor (1823–50) at the Univ.…

Saint Charles

(Encyclopedia) Saint Charles. 1 City (1990 pop. 22,501), Kane co., NE Ill., on the Fox River, a suburb of Chicago; inc. 1850. Located in an agricultural area (corn and soybeans), the city has food-…

Reyes, Rafael

(Encyclopedia) Reyes, RafaelReyes, Rafaelräfäĕlˈ rāˈyās [key], 1850–1921, president of Colombia (1904–9). As a young man, he explored the upper Amazon wilderness with his brother. Later he…

Gregory XIII

(Encyclopedia) Gregory XIII, 1502–85, pope (1572–85), an Italian named Ugo Buoncompagni, b. Bologna; successor of St. Pius V. He is best known for his work on the calendar, and the reformed calendar…

Fenton, Roger

(Encyclopedia) Fenton, Roger, 1819–69, English pioneer photographer. Originally a barrister, Fenton worked from the early 1850s until 1862 as a fashionable architectural, still-life, portrait, and…

Gérin-Lajoie, Antoine

(Encyclopedia) Gérin-Lajoie, AntoineGérin-Lajoie, AntoineäNtwänˈ zhārăNˈ-läzhwäˈ [key], 1824–82, French Canadian author and journalist, b. Quebec prov. After serving as an editor (1845–52) on the…