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Longyearbyen

(Encyclopedia) LongyearbyenLongyearbyenlôngˈyērbüˌən [key], town and administrative center of Svalbard, on Isfjorden, Spitsbergen island. It was founded (1905) as a coal-mining settlement by an…

Olson, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Olson, Charles, 1910–70, American critic and poet, b. Worcester, Mass., grad. Harvard (B.A., 1932; M.A., 1933). His literary reputation was established with Call Me Ishmael (1947), a…

Pennines

(Encyclopedia) PenninesPenninespĕnˈīnz [key] or Pennine Chain, mountain range, sometimes called the “backbone of England,” extending c.160 mi (260 km) from the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border to…

alpine plants

(Encyclopedia) alpine plants, high-altitude representatives of various flowering plants (chiefly perennials) that because of their dwarf habit, profuse blooming, and the preference of many for shady…

Draper, Lyman Copeland

(Encyclopedia) Draper, Lyman Copeland, 1815–91, American historical collector and librarian, b. Erie co., N.Y. He spent years traveling through an area ranging from New York to Mississippi, gathering…

Flannagan, John Bernard

(Encyclopedia) Flannagan, John BernardFlannagan, John Bernardflănˈəgən [key], 1895–1942, American sculptor, b. Fargo, N.Dak., studied at the Minneapolis Institute of Arts. His early life was a bitter…

Bent, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Bent, Charles, 1799–1847, American frontiersman, b. St. Louis. He entered the fur trade of the Missouri River and became one of the mountain men. His interests turned to the Southwest…

puma

(Encyclopedia) pumapumapy&oomacr;ˈmə [key] or cougarcougark&oomacr;ˈgər [key], New World member of the cat family, Puma concolor. Also known as mountain lion, catamount, panther, and painter…

Altai

(Encyclopedia) Altai or AltayAltayboth: ăltīˈ, äl–, ălˈtī, Rus. əltīˈ [key], geologically complex mountain system of central Asia; largely in the Altai Republic, Russia, and in Kazakhstan, but…

Machu Picchu

(Encyclopedia) Machu PicchuMachu Picchumäˈch&oomacr; pēkˈch&oomacr; [key], Inca site in Peru, about 50 mi (80 km) NW of Cuzco. It is perched high upon a rock in a narrow saddle between two…