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Périer, Casimir Pierre

(Encyclopedia) Périer, Casimir PierrePérier, Casimir Pierrekäzēmērˈ pyĕr pĕryāˈ [key], 1777–1832, French statesman. He was a member of a wealthy bourgeois family. His father, Claude Périer, a…

Evarts, William Maxwell

(Encyclopedia) Evarts, William MaxwellEvarts, William Maxwellĕvˈərts [key], 1818–1901, American lawyer and statesman, b. Boston; grandson of Roger Sherman. After attending Harvard Law School he began…

Erzberger, Matthias

(Encyclopedia) Erzberger, MatthiasErzberger, Matthiasmätēˈäs ĕrtsˈbĕrgər [key], 1875–1921, German public official. He was a leader of the left wing of the Catholic Center party in the Reichstag from…

farming, in taxation

(Encyclopedia) farming, in the history of taxation, collection of taxes through private contractors. Usually, the tax farmer paid a lump sum to the public treasury; the difference between that sum…

Willet, Marinus

(Encyclopedia) Willet, MarinusWillet, Marinusmərēˈnəs wĭlˈĭt [key], 1740–1830, American Revolutionary soldier, b. Jamaica, N.Y. In the French and Indian War he was (1758) a member of the expeditions…

Waldeck-Rousseau, René

(Encyclopedia) Waldeck-Rousseau, RenéWaldeck-Rousseau, Renérənāˈ väldĕkˈ-r&oomacr;sōˈ [key], 1846–1904, French statesman. Belonging to the republican left, he was twice minister of the interior (…

Blair, Montgomery

(Encyclopedia) Blair, Montgomery, 1813–83, U.S. Postmaster General (1861–64), b. Franklin co., Ky., son of Francis P. Blair (1791–1876). He resigned from the army in 1836 after serving against the…

Bowers, Claude Gernade

(Encyclopedia) Bowers, Claude GernadeBowers, Claude Gernadezhərnädˈ bouˈərz [key], 1878–1958, American journalist, historian, and diplomat, b. Hamilton co., Ind. After serving as editor of the Fort…

Jacobins

(Encyclopedia) JacobinsJacobinsjăkˈəbĭnz [key], political club of the French Revolution. Formed in 1789 by the Breton deputies to the States-General, it was reconstituted as the Society of Friends of…