South America: Maps and Online Resources

South America is the fourth largest continent in the world, almost entirely situated in the south hemisphere. To the north lies North America and the Caribbean Sea, to the east - the Atlantic Ocean, to the west is the Pacific Ocean and to the south - the Southern Ocean.

Both South America and Central America can be broadly described as Latin America. The continent is home to a diverse range of cultures, languages, and landscapes, spread across the South American continent.

Test your continent knowledge with our Can You Name These South American Landmarks? Quiz!

Click on a country for a more detailed map, or try our index.

History of South America

South America is a land rich in history, with evidence of human habitation dating back over 12,000 years. The continent was home to several indigenous civilizations, including the Inca, Maya, and Aztecs. In the 16th century, European explorers arrived in South America, leading to the colonization of the continent. Officials from Spain and Portuguese leaders were the major colonial powers, and their influence can still be seen in the region's language, culture, and architecture.

History of South America

Spanish and Portuguese explorers came in the 15th and 16th centuries, followed by colonization. Galilean Inquisition and the Spanish Empire for the Americas, Portugal would go on to colonize Brazil. During this period, many people were struck by diseases, warfare, and forced labour.

During the early 19th Century, South American countries started independence wars with European powers. Independence movements were led by figures such as Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín and most of the continent was liberated by the 1820s.

After independence, South America went through a time of political instability marked by military regimes and declining economies. For most of the late 20th and into the early 21st centuries, democracy and regional integration were introduced to many countries.

Geography of South America

There are 12 countries in the continent, which are:

Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela

The continent is home to some of the world's most stunning natural landscapes, including the Andes Mountains, the Amazon River, and the Tierra del Fuego. The region is also known for its beautiful beaches, vibrant cities, and diverse wildlife.

South America has spectacular geography such as the Amazon Rainforest (the largest tropical rainforest in the world), the Andes Mountains (the longest mountain range on the planet), and the vast plains of the Pampas. Its cultural history is diverse and shaped by native communities - those who colonized parts of the continent in Europe as well as by those who were forcefully enslaved through African slavery.

Major Cities in South America

South America is home to several vibrant and bustling major capital cities, including:

Rio de Janeiro
Buenos Aires
Sao Paulo
Bogotá
Lima
Santiago
Caracas
Maracaibo
Quito
Salvador

These cities offer a unique blend of history, culture, and modernity, spread across the political map of South America.

Tourist Attractions in South America

South America offers a wide range of tourist attractions, from historic landmarks to natural wonders. Some of the most popular destinations include the following.

Andes Mountains: The Andes Mountains are the longest mountain range on the world map, stretching over 7,000 kilometres. The region is home to several popular tourist destinations, including Machu Picchu in Peru and the Atacama Desert in Chile.
Amazon River: The Amazon River is the largest in the world, running through several South American countries along the Amazon Basin, including Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. The region is known for its stunning wildlife and lush rainforests.
Machu Picchu (Peru): A historic Inca city located high in the Andes, providing stunning views of the surrounding mountains.
Beaches: South America is home to some of the world's most beautiful beaches, including Copacabana in Brazil, La Plata in Argentina, and Ipanema in Uruguay.
Falkland Islands: The Falkland Islands are a British dependency located off the coast of Argentina. The islands are known for their stunning landscapes and unique wildlife, including penguins and sea lions.

People Also Ask…

If you're inspecting country maps of South America, you may have some queries about the region. Here are some of the most frequently asked questions, along with their answers.

How Many Countries in South America?

South America contains 12 individual countries, each with its own history: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela.

What Is the Capital of Brazil?

The capital of Brazil is Brasilia. The country is known for its vibrant culture and Brazilian coffee beans, which are some of the best in the world, and is the largest country in South America by both area and population.

What Is South America Most Famous For?

South America is famous for its music, dance, and cuisine, which are a fusion of indigenous, European, and African influences. Samba, tango, and salsa are some of the continent's most popular musical styles, while traditional dances like the Argentine tango and Brazilian samba have gained worldwide recognition.

What Is the Food in South America?

South American cuisine is also renowned for its hearty meat dishes and spicy flavours, making it a must-try for foodies. From the hearty meat dishes of Argentina to the spicy flavours of Peru, there is something for everyone to enjoy in South American cuisine.

What Major Islands Are in South America?

South America has several major islands, including the Galapagos Islands, the Falkland Islands, and the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. The Galapagos Islands are known for their unique wildlife, while the Falkland Islands are a British Overseas Territory with a rich cultural history. The Tierra del Fuego archipelago is located at the southern tip of South America and is shared by Argentina and Chile.

What Are the Main Languages in South America?

Portuguese is the primary language in Brazil, and Spanish is the main language spoken in most South American countries. French is used in French Guiana, Dutch in Suriname, and English in Guyana. Other indigenous languages used across the continent include Quechua - in Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador, and Guarani in Paraguay, where it is an official language alongside Spanish.

What Are the Main Natural Resources in South America?

South America is rich in natural resources, including vast mineral reserves like copper, gold, silver, and lithium, with countries such as Chile and Peru being leading producers.

The continent contains big reserves of oil and natural gas, especially in Venezuela and Brazil. Moreover, South America is a major exporter of agricultural products such as soybeans, coffee, and bananas. It produces timber from the vast forests and fresh water from the vast river systems.

What Are Popular Foods in South America?

South American cuisine is highly varied and rich in flavor, shaped by a blend of local, European, and African contributions. The most widespread ingredients are corn, rice, beans, potatoes and a range of meats. Meat, particularly beef, is highly popular in Argentina and Brazil, while dishes like empanadas and ceviche are traditional in Peru. Guinea pigs are also eaten in parts of Latin America, including Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia

What Are the Key Factors That Drive South America’s Economy?

Natural resources form an essential part of South America's economy, including oil and minerals, as well as agriculture, manufacturing, trade, and tourism. It is a leading producer of commodities such as coffee, soybeans and copper.

The continent is a key exporter of agricultural products and livestock, mainly coming from Brazil and Argentina. The finance and retail sector also contribute to the economy of South America.

Is South America Dangerous?

South America, similar to other regions, has both secure and risky areas. Countries such as Uruguay and Argentina are deemed the safest tourist spots.