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black codes
(Encyclopedia) black codes, in U.S. history, series of statutes passed by the ex-Confederate states, 1865–66, dealing with the status of the newly freed slaves. They varied greatly from state to…Tracy, Benjamin Franklin
(Encyclopedia) Tracy, Benjamin Franklin, 1830–1915, American lawyer, cabinet member, and soldier, b. Owego, N.Y. He was admitted to the bar in 1851 and later served (1853–59) as district attorney of…Bibulus
(Encyclopedia) Bibulus (Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus)Bibulusbĭbˈy&oobreve;ləs [key], d. 48 b.c., Roman statesman. The colleague in the consulship with Julius Caesar in 59 b.c., he did everything in…Mazzini, Giuseppe
(Encyclopedia) Mazzini, GiuseppeMazzini, Giuseppej&oomacr;zĕpˈpā mät-sēˈnē [key], 1805–72, Italian patriot and revolutionist, an outstanding figure of the Risorgimento. His youth was spent in…Know-Nothing movement
(Encyclopedia) Know-Nothing movement, in U.S. history. The increasing rate of immigration in the 1840s encouraged nativism. In Eastern cities where Roman Catholic immigrants especially had…Pawnee
(Encyclopedia) PawneePawneepônēˈ [key], Native North Americans whose language belongs to the Caddoan branch of the Hokan-Siouan linguistic stock (see Native American languages). At one time the…Freedmen's Bureau
(Encyclopedia) Freedmen's Bureau, in U.S. history, a federal agency, formed to aid and protect the newly freed blacks in the South after the Civil War. Established by an act of Mar. 3, 1865, under…Mola, Emilio
(Encyclopedia) Mola, EmilioMola, Emilioāmēˈlyō mōˈlä [key], 1887–1937, Spanish nationalist general. Entering the army in 1904, he rose to the rank of general by 1927, when he commanded a military…Montalembert, Charles Forbes, comte de
(Encyclopedia) Montalembert, Charles Forbes, comte deMontalembert, Charles Forbes, comte deshärl fôrbz kôNt də môNtäläNbĕrˈ [key], 1810–70, French political leader and writer, b. London. He went to…Ashcroft, John
(Encyclopedia) Ashcroft, John, 1942–, American political figure, b. Chicago, grad. Yale Univ. (B.A., 1964), Univ. of Chicago School of Law (J.D., 1967). A conservative Republican, Ashcroft was…Trending
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