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Cummins, Albert Baird

(Encyclopedia) Cummins, Albert Baird, 1850–1926, U.S. Senator from Iowa (1909–26), b. Green co., Pa. He studied law in Chicago and in 1878 joined his brother in practice in Des Moines. As governor of…

Dawes Commission

(Encyclopedia) Dawes Commission, commission to the Five Civilized Tribes, created by the U.S. Congress in 1893 under the Dawes Act with H. L. Dawes as chairman. Its aim was the reorganization of the…

Field, Rachel

(Encyclopedia) Field, Rachel, 1894–1942, American writer, b. New York City, educated at Radcliffe. Her books for children include The Cross-Stitch Heart and Other One-Act Plays (1927), Hitty: Her…

Berwickshire

(Encyclopedia) BerwickshireBerwickshirebĕrˈĭkshər, –shĭr [key] or BerwickBerwickbĕrˈĭk [key], former county, SE Scotland. Under the Local Government Act of 1973, Berwickshire became (1975) part of…

Siegfried and Roy

(Encyclopedia) Siegfried and Roy (Siegfried Fischbacher, 1939-2021, b. Rosenheim, Germany; and Roy Uwe Ludwig Horn, 1944-2020, b. Nordenham, Germany…

poor law

(Encyclopedia) poor law, in English history, legislation relating to public assistance for the poor. Early measures to relieve pauperism were usually designed to suppress vagrancy and begging. In…

homelessness

(Encyclopedia) homelessness, the condition of not having a permanent place to live, widely perceived as a societal problem only beginning in the 1980s. Figures for the number of homeless people in…

collective bargaining

(Encyclopedia) collective bargaining, in labor relations, procedure whereby an employer or employers agree to discuss the conditions of work by bargaining with representatives of the employees,…

Henry, Patrick

(Encyclopedia) Henry, Patrick, 1736–99, political leader in the American Revolution, b. Hanover co., Va. Largely self-educated, he became a prominent trial lawyer. Henry bitterly denounced (1765) the…

enkephalin

(Encyclopedia) enkephalinenkephalinĕnkĕfˈəlĭn [key], one of several naturally occurring morphinelike substances (endorphins) released from nerve endings of the central nervous system and the adrenal…