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Ribot, Théodule

(Encyclopedia) Ribot, ThéoduleRibot, Théodulerēbōˈ [key], 1839–1916, French psychologist. He was professor of experimental psychology at the Sorbonne and later at the Collège de France. His many…

Franck, James

(Encyclopedia) Franck, JamesFranck, Jamesfrängk [key], 1882–1964, German physicist. He was professor of physics at Göttingen and at Johns Hopkins (1935–38) and professor of physical chemistry at the…

Stanhope, Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl

(Encyclopedia) Stanhope, Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl, 1805–75, English historian. He was undersecretary for foreign affairs (1834–35) in Sir Robert Peel's first ministry and secretary of the…

Lerdo de Tejada, Miguel

(Encyclopedia) Lerdo de Tejada, MiguelLerdo de Tejada, Miguelmēgĕlˈ lĕrˈᵺō dā tāhäˈᵺä [key], d. 1861, Mexican liberal statesman, a leader of the Revolution of Ayutla, cabinet member under Juan…

Lucretius

(Encyclopedia) Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Carus)Lucretiusl&oomacr;krēˈshəs [key], c.99 b.c.–c.55 b.c., Roman poet and philosopher. Little is known about his life. A chronicle of St. Jerome speaks…

degree, academic

(Encyclopedia) degree, academic, title bestowed upon a student on the fulfillment of certain requirements or given as an honor to an eminent person. The practice of awarding degrees originated in the…

debt

(Encyclopedia) debt, obligation in services, money, or goods owed by one party, the debtor, to another, the creditor. When contested, debts are collected by a civil suit upon which the judge renders…

Clarendon Code

(Encyclopedia) Clarendon Code, 1661–65, group of English statutes passed after the Restoration of Charles II to strengthen the position of the Church of England. The Corporation Act (1661) required…

Jenkins of Hillhead, Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Jenkins of Hillhead, Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron, 1920–2003, British politician, b. Abersychan, Wales; grad. Oxford. He entered the House of Commons in 1948 as a Labour member and soon…

force bill

(Encyclopedia) force bill, popular name for several laws in U.S. history, notably the act of Mar. 2, 1833, and the Reconstruction acts of May 31, 1870; Feb. 28, 1871; and Apr. 20, 1871. The first…