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Brewer's: Martel

The surname given to Charles, natural son of Pépin d'Héristal, for his victory over the Saracens, who had invaded France under Abd-el-Rahman in 732. It is said that Charles “knocked down…

Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de

(Encyclopedia) Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau deMaupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau depyĕr lwē môrōˈ də mōpĕrtüēˈ [key], 1698–1759, French mathematician and astronomer. For his skillful support of…

Mauss, Marcel

(Encyclopedia) Mauss, MarcelMauss, Marcelmärsĕlˈmōs [key], 1872–1950, French sociologist and anthropologist. Nephew of eminant sociologist Émile Durkheim, Mauss graduated from the Univ. of Bordeaux…

Maillol, Aristide

(Encyclopedia) Maillol, AristideMaillol, Aristideärēstēdˈ mäyôlˈ [key], 1861–1944, French sculptor, woodcut artist, and painter. At first a painter, Maillol studied at the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris…

Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich

(Encyclopedia) Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, 1743–1819, German philosopher. Although educated for commerce, he early gave up business and became in 1770 a member of the council for the duchies of Berg…

Iorga, Nicolae

(Encyclopedia) Iorga, NicolaeIorga, Nicolaenēˈkōlī yôrˈgä [key], 1871–1940, Romanian historian and statesman. A professor at the Univ. of Bucharest, he founded (1910) and later led the National…

Charron, Pierre

(Encyclopedia) Charron, PierreCharron, Pierrepyĕr shärôNˈ [key], 1541–1603, French Roman Catholic theologian and philosopher. He was an important contributor to 17th-century theological thought,…

Rupert House

(Encyclopedia) Rupert House, village, W Que., Canada, on the Rupert River east of its mouth on James Bay. It was founded in 1668 as Charles Fort by the trader des Groseilliers, whose success there…

Pleasonton, Alfred

(Encyclopedia) Pleasonton, Alfred, 1824–97, Union general in the American Civil War, b. Washington, D.C. He served in the Mexican War and in the Indian wars on the frontier. In the Civil War, he…