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International Geophysical Year

(Encyclopedia) International Geophysical Year (IGY), 18-month period from July, 1957, through Dec., 1958, during a period of maximum sunspot activity, designated for cooperative study of the solar-…

International Grenfell Association

(Encyclopedia) International Grenfell Association, organization established in 1912 to aid the efforts of Sir Wilfred Thomason Grenfell (1865–1940), an English physician and missionary to the people…

International Labor Organization

(Encyclopedia) International Labor Organization (ILO), specialized agency of the United Nations, with headquarters in Geneva. It was created in 1919 by the Versailles Treaty and affiliated with the…

International Maritime Organization

(Encyclopedia) International Maritime Organization (IMO), specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1948, with headquarters in London and 168 member nations and three associate members…

International Monetary Fund

(Encyclopedia) International Monetary Fund (IMF), specialized agency of the United Nations, established in 1945. It was planned at the Bretton Woods Conference (1944), and its headquarters are in…

international monetary system

(Encyclopedia) international monetary system, rules and procedures by which different national currencies are exchanged for each other in world trade. Such a system is necessary to define a common…

International Peace Bureau

(Encyclopedia) International Peace Bureau (IPB), organization est. 1891 in Bern, Switerland, by Fredrik Bajer and other members of the third World Peace Congress. Dedicated to promoting world peace,…