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Mečiar, Vladimír

(Encyclopedia) Mečiar, Vladimír, 1942–, Slovakian political leader. A member of the Communist party of Czechoslovakia, Mečiar was ousted in 1970 after having supported party reforms following the…

Atambayev, Almazbek Sharshenovich

(Encyclopedia) Atambayev, Almazbek Sharshenovich, 1956–, Kyrgyz political leader, grad. Moscow Institute of Management (1983). An economist and Communist party member, he served (1983–87) on the…

Cardoso, Fernando Henrique

(Encyclopedia) Cardoso, Fernando HenriqueCardoso, Fernando HenriquefərnäNˈd&oomacr; ānrēˈkə kärdōˈs&oomacr; [key], 1931–, Brazilian sociologist and politician, president of Brazil (1995–2002…

Bello, Sir Ahmadu

(Encyclopedia) Bello, Sir Ahmadu, 1910–66, Nigerian political, b. Rabbah (now in Sokoto State), NW Nigeria. A Fulani and descendent of Usuman dan Fodio, the founder of the Sokoto caliphate, he was a…

Vishinsky, Andrei Yanuarievich

(Encyclopedia) Vishinsky or Vyshinsky, Andrei YanuarievichVishinsky or Vyshinsky, Andrei Yanuarievichboth: əndrāˈ yən&oomacr;ärˈyĭvĭch vĭshēnˈskē [key], 1883–1954, Soviet diplomat and jurist. He…

Bayar, Celâl

(Encyclopedia) Bayar, CelâlBayar, Celâljĕlälˈ bäˈyär [key], 1884–1986, Turkish statesman. The son of a religious leader and teacher, Bayar joined the nationalist movement after the Young Turk…

Steinmeier, Frank-Walter

(Encyclopedia) Steinmeier, Frank-Walter, 1956–, German politician. A member of the center-left Social Democratic party, he worked for the Lower Saxony chancellery when Gerhard Schröder was premier…

Reid, Harry Mason, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Reid, Harry Mason, Jr. 1939–2021, American politician, b. Searchlight, Nev., Utah State Univ. (); George Washington Univ. law school (…

Layton, Jack

(Encyclopedia) Layton, Jack (John Gilbert Layton), 1950–2011, Canadian political leader, grad. McGill Univ. (B.A., 1970), York Univ. (M.A., 1971; Ph.D., 1983). A social democrat from a political…

Ishibashi, Tanzan

(Encyclopedia) Ishibashi, Tanzan, 1884–1973, Japanese politician, b. Tokyo. The son of a Buddhist priest, he studied philosophy at Waseda Univ. (grad. 1907) and became a journalist. He was appointed…