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primary

(Encyclopedia) primary, in the United States, a preliminary election in which the candidate of a party is nominated directly by the voters. The establishment of the primary system resulted from the…

Presidents of the United States (table)

(Encyclopedia) Presidents of the United States President Political Party Dates in Office Vice President(s) George Washington 1789–97 John Adams John Adams Federalist 1797–1801 Thomas…

Hague, Frank

(Encyclopedia) Hague, FrankHague, Frankhāg [key], 1876–1956, American politician, mayor of Jersey City, N.J., b. Jersey City. He worked his way up through the ranks of the local Democratic machine…

Murphy, Frank

(Encyclopedia) Murphy, Frank, 1890–1949, American political figure, associate justice of the Supreme Court (1940–49), b. Harbor Beach, Mich. After serving as a U.S. attorney (1919–20) and as a judge…

Brough, John

(Encyclopedia) Brough, JohnBrough, Johnbrŭf [key], 1811–65, Civil War governor of Ohio (1864–65), b. Marietta, Ohio. In 1844, after publishing newspapers in Marietta and Lancaster, he became owner…

Brown, Jerry

(Encyclopedia) Brown, Jerry (Edmund Gerald Brown, Jr.), 1938–, American political leader, b. San Francisco. The son of Edmund Gerald (Pat) Brown (1905–96), governor of California (1959–67), Brown…

Byrnes, James Francis

(Encyclopedia) Byrnes, James Francis, 1879–1972, American public official, Secretary of State (1945–47), governor of South Carolina (1951–55), b. Charleston, S.C. He studied law while working (1900–…

Wilder, L. Douglas

(Encyclopedia) Wilder, L. Douglas (Lawrence Douglas Wilder), 1931–, American political leader, b. Richmond, Va. The grandson of slaves, Wilder studied law at Howard Univ. A Democrat, he was elected a…

Pell, Claiborne de Borda

(Encyclopedia) Pell, Claiborne de Borda, 1918–2009, U.S. politician, b. New York City, grad. Princeton (B.A., 1940), Columbia (M.A., 1946). From an old, distinguished American family, he served (1941…

Proxmire, William

(Encyclopedia) Proxmire, William (Edward William Proxmire), 1915–2005, U.S. senator (1957–89), b. Lake Forest, Ill. He worked in army counterintelligence during World War II and later entered…