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Collins, Wilkie

(Encyclopedia) Collins, Wilkie (William Wilkie Collins), 1824–89, English novelist. Although trained as a lawyer, he spent most of his life writing. He produced some 30 novels, the best known of…

Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon

(Encyclopedia) Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-SiméonChardin, Jean-Baptiste-SiméonzhäN-bätēstˈ-sēmāôNˈ shärdăNˈ [key], 1699–1779, French painter. He was a major figure of 18th-century painting. While the…

Gentz, Friedrich von

(Encyclopedia) Gentz, Friedrich vonGentz, Friedrich vonfrēˈdrĭkh fən gĕnts [key], 1764–1832, German conservative political theorist. Admirer of the English political system of checks and balances,…

herbarium

(Encyclopedia) herbarium, collection of dried and mounted plant specimens used in systematic botany. To preserve their form and color, plants collected in the field are spread flat in sheets of…

Homer, Winslow

(Encyclopedia) Homer, Winslow, 1836–1910, American landscape, marine, and genre painter. Homer was born in Boston, where he later worked as a lithographer and illustrator. In 1861 he was sent to the…

Carver, Raymond

(Encyclopedia) Carver, Raymond, 1938–88, American short-story writer, b. Clatskanie, Oreg. He was raised in the Pacific Northwest, where he often set his sparely written tales of everyday blue-collar…

Cartier-Bresson, Henri

(Encyclopedia) Cartier-Bresson, HenriCartier-Bresson, HenriäNrēˈ kärtēāˈ-brĕsôNˈ [key], 1908–2004, French photojournalist, b. Chanteloup, near Paris. Cartier-Bresson is renowned for his countless…

Cornish

(Encyclopedia) Cornish, language belonging to the Brythonic group of the Celtic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages. See Celtic languages. See P. B. Ellis, The Cornish Language and…

Hockney, David

(Encyclopedia) Hockney, David, 1937–, English painter, studied Royal College of Art. Moving from a distorted, semiexpressionist form of pop art, Hockney developed a highly personal realistic style,…

Oppenheimer, J. Robert

(Encyclopedia) Oppenheimer, J. RobertOppenheimer, J. Robertŏpˈənhīˌmər [key], 1904–67, American physicist, b. New York City, grad. Harvard (B.A., 1925), Ph.D. Univ. of Göttingen, 1927. He taught at…