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Bodley, Sir Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Bodley, Sir Thomas, 1545–1613, English scholar and diplomat, organizer of the Bodleian Library at Oxford. He was a Greek scholar and teacher at Oxford, and in 1584 he was elected to…

Ferdinand VI, king of Spain

(Encyclopedia) Ferdinand VI, b. 1712 or 1713, d. 1759, king of Spain (1746–59), son of Philip V by his first queen, Marie Louise of Savoy. When Ferdinand succeeded his father, his stepmother,…

Sweden: Kings and Queens

Kings and Queens Karl XII (1697–1718) Ulrica Eleonora (1719–1720) Fredrik I (1720–1751) Adolf Fredrik (1751–1771) Gustaf III (1771–1792) Gustaf IV Adolf (1792–1809) Karl XIII (1809–1818)…

Longest-Reigning Living Monarchs

HM Queen Elizabeth II continues her reign at the top Though less common now than they once were, monarchs have had an important role in history since at least the 3000s B.C.E. These are the living…

Andrew II

(Encyclopedia) Andrew II, d. 1235, king of Hungary (1205–35), son of Bela III. He continued his predecessors' policy of transferring crown lands to the magnates, and the lesser nobles forced him to…

Creighton, Mandell

(Encyclopedia) Creighton, MandellCreighton, Mandellmănˈdəl krīˈtən [key], 1843–1901, British historian and churchman. He was professor of ecclesiastical history at Cambridge from 1884 until his…

North, George

(Encyclopedia) North, George, fl. 1561–81, English gentleman, man of letters, and diplomat. A minor figure in the court of Queen Elizabeth I, he served as an ambassador to Sweden in 1564 and…

Isabella II

(Encyclopedia) Isabella II, 1830–1904, queen of Spain (1833–68), daughter of Ferdinand VII and of Maria Christina. Her uncle, Don Carlos, contested her succession under the Salic law, and thus the…

Prince: Royal Titles & Noble Ranks

Top of Page Being a prince is one of the most recognizable titles of nobility in the world. It has been bestowed upon members of royal families for centuries and is often associated with power,…