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Lowell, Francis Cabot

(Encyclopedia) Lowell, Francis Cabot, 1775–1817, pioneer American cotton manufacturer, b. Newburyport, Mass.; son of John Lowell (1743–1802). A merchant in Boston, he traveled (1810) to England,…

Philby, Kim

(Encyclopedia) Philby, Kim (Harold Adrian Russell Philby), 1912–88, British double agent, son of Harry St. John Bridger Philby, studied Trinity College, Cambridge. A longtime high-ranking member of…

Churchill, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Churchill, CharlesChurchill, Charleschûrˈchĭl [key], 1731–64, English poet and satirist. Upon his family's insistence he took religious orders in 1756, but life as a London dandy…

Thrale, Hester Lynch

(Encyclopedia) Thrale, Hester Lynch, later Mrs. PiozziThrale, Hester Lynch,pēŏzˈē, pēôtˈtsē [key], 1741–1821, Englishwoman, noted for her intimate friendship with Samuel Johnson. Daughter of John…

Leonard, Elmore

(Encyclopedia) Leonard, Elmore (John Elmore Leonard), 1925–2013, American novelist, b. New Orleans, grad. Univ. of Detroit (1950). “Dutch” Leonard began publishing Western tales in the early 1950s,…

Nauman, Bruce

(Encyclopedia) Nauman, BruceNauman, Brucenouˈmən [key], 1941–, American artist, b. Fort Wayne, Ind., B.A. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison (1964), M.F.A. Univ. of California, Davis (1966). One of the most…

Mansfield, Katherine

(Encyclopedia) Mansfield, Katherine, 1888–1923, British author, b. New Zealand, regarded as one of the masters of the short story. Her original name was Kathleen Beauchamp. A talented cellist, she…

Comstock Lode

(Encyclopedia) Comstock Lode, richest known U.S. silver deposit, W Nevada, on Mt. Davidson in the Virginia Range. It is said to have been discovered in 1857 by Ethan Allen Grosh and Hosea Ballou…

Christian socialism

(Encyclopedia) Christian socialism, term used in Great Britain and the United States for a kind of socialism growing out of the clash between Christian ideals and the effects of competitive business…

aesthetics

(Encyclopedia) aestheticsaestheticsĕsthĕtˈĭks [key], the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the nature of art and the criteria of artistic judgment. The classical conception of art as the…