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Brewer's: Islington

(The Marquis of). One of the skilful companions of Barlow, the famous archer, was so christened by Henry VIII. (See Shoreditch, The Duke of.) Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E.…

Brewer's: Jack of Newbury

John Winchcomb, the greatest clothier of the world, in the reign of Henry VIII. He kept 100 looms in his own house at Newbury, and equipped at his own expense 100 of his men to aid the…

Brewer's: King's Oak

(The). The oak under which Henry VIII. sat, in Epping Forest, while Anne (Boleyn) was being executed. Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894King's PictureKing's…

Brewer's: Field of the Cloth of Gold

The plain, near Guisnes, where Henry VIII. had his interview with Francois I. in 1520; so called from the splendour and magnificence displayed there on the occasion. Source: Dictionary of…

Lancaster, house of

(Encyclopedia) Lancaster, house ofLancaster, house oflăngˈkəstər [key], royal family of England. The line was founded by the second son of Henry III, Edmund Crouchback, 1245–96, who was created earl…

Penal Laws

(Encyclopedia) Penal Laws, in English and Irish history, term generally applied to the body of discriminatory and oppressive legislation directed chiefly against Roman Catholics but also against…

Gloucester, Robert, earl of

(Encyclopedia) Gloucester, Robert, earl of, d. 1147, English nobleman; illegitimate son of Henry I. Henry created (c.1121) the earldom of Gloucester for him. After his father's death (1135), Robert…

Wenceslaus, Saint, duke of Bohemia

(Encyclopedia) Wenceslaus, SaintWenceslaus, Saintwĕnˈsəsləs [key], d. 929, duke of Bohemia. He was reared in the Christian faith by his grandmother, St. Ludmilla. He became duke at an early age, and…

Constantine XI, Byzantine emperor

(Encyclopedia) Constantine XI (Constantine Palaeologus), d. 1453, last Byzantine emperor (1449–53), brother and successor of John VIII. To secure Western aid against the Turkish assault on what…