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Charles II, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland

(Encyclopedia) Charles II, 1630–85, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660–85), eldest surviving son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. Charles was a ruler of considerable political skill. His…

The 100 Best Characters in Fiction Since 1900

Book Magazine, now defunct, compiled a panel of 55 authors, literary agents, editors, and actors in 2002 to “rank the top one hundred characters in literature since 1900.”Jay Gatsby, The…

Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, 4th earl of

(Encyclopedia) Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, 4th earl of, 1607–67, English nobleman; son of the 3d earl. At first an opponent of the court party in the events leading up to the English civil war,…

Lever, Charles James

(Encyclopedia) Lever, Charles JamesLever, Charles Jameslēˈvər [key], 1806–72, Irish novelist. He began his career as a practicing physician. His early novels appeared periodically in the Dublin…

Charles I, duke of Lower Lorraine

(Encyclopedia) Charles I, 953–992?, duke of Lower Lorraine (977–91); younger son of King Louis IV of France. He claimed the French throne when his nephew, Louis V of France, died (987) without issue…

Carlisle, Charles Howard, 1st earl of

(Encyclopedia) Carlisle, Charles Howard, 1st earl ofCarlisle, Charles Howard, 1st earl ofkärlīlˈ [key], 1629–85, English statesman. A member of the prominent Howard family, he held various offices…

Arlington, Henry Bennet, 1st earl of

(Encyclopedia) Arlington, Henry Bennet, 1st earl of, 1618–85, English statesman. He fought for the royalists in the English civil war and, after going into exile, served as an envoy in Spain for the…