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Citrine, Walter McLennan Citrine, 1st Baron

(Encyclopedia) Citrine, Walter McLennan Citrine, 1st BaronCitrine, Walter McLennan Citrine, 1st Baronsĭtrēnˈ [key], 1887–1983, English trade union leader. An electrician, he became district secretary…

tax exemption

(Encyclopedia) tax exemption, immunity from the requirement of paying taxes. Federal, state, and usually local law provide exemption from taxation for a wide variety of organizations, usually not-for…

closed shop and open shop

(Encyclopedia) closed shop and open shop. The term “closed shop” is used to signify an establishment employing only members of a labor union. The union shop, a closely allied term, indicates a…

Kirkland, Lane

(Encyclopedia) Kirkland, Lane (Joseph Lane Kirkland)Kirkland, Lanekûrˈklənd [key], 1922–99, American labor leader, president (1979–95) of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial…

Adams, Henry Carter

(Encyclopedia) Adams, Henry Carter, 1851–1921, American economist, b. Davenport, Iowa. He developed an interest in public finance at Johns Hopkins and pursued this field during later studies in…

Stakhanovism

(Encyclopedia) StakhanovismStakhanovismstäkäˈnəvĭzm, stə– [key], movement begun (1935) in the Soviet Union aimed at increasing industrial production by the use of efficient working techniques. It was…

white-collar workers

(Encyclopedia) white-collar workers, broad occupational grouping of workers engaged in nonmanual labor; frequently contrasted with blue-collar (manual) employees. American in origin, the term has…

Clayton Antitrust Act

(Encyclopedia) Clayton Antitrust Act, 1914, passed by the U.S. Congress as an amendment to clarify and supplement the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. It was drafted by Henry De Lamar Clayton. The act…

Labor and Employment

Find statistics on employment, worker benefits, minimum wage rates, weekly earnings, and more. Layoff Statistics 50 Highest Metropolitan Areas in 2006: Number of Extended Mass Layoff…

Gompers, Samuel

(Encyclopedia) Gompers, SamuelGompers, Samuelgŏmˈpərz [key], 1850–1924, American labor leader, b. London. He emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1863. He worked as a cigar maker and in…