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Mariana, Juan de

(Encyclopedia) Mariana, Juan deMariana, Juan dehwän dā märyäˈnä [key], 1536?–1623?, Spanish historian and political philosopher, a Jesuit. He taught in Rome and in Paris before going to Toledo, where…

Alvarado, Juan Bautista

(Encyclopedia) Alvarado, Juan BautistaAlvarado, Juan Bautistahwän boutēsˈtä älväräˈᵺō [key], 1809–82, governor of Alta California (1836–42), b. Monterey, Calif. Out of the chaotic times in the…

Zumárraga, Juan de

(Encyclopedia) Zumárraga, Juan deZumárraga, Juan dehwän dā th&oomacr;mäˈrägä [key], 1468–1548, Spanish churchman, first bishop of Mexico, a Franciscan. Going to Mexico in 1528, he became…

Oribe, Manuel

(Encyclopedia) Oribe, ManuelOribe, Manuelmänwĕlˈ ōrēˈbā [key], d. 1857, president of Uruguay (1834–38). After serving with José Gervasio Artigas, he became one of the Thirty-three Immortals who…

Pueyrredón, Juan Martín de

(Encyclopedia) Pueyrredón, Juan Martín dePueyrredón, Juan Martín dehwän märtēnˈ dā pwāĭrādōnˈ [key], 1776–1850, Argentine general, supreme director of the United Provinces of La Plata (1816–19). In…

Vancouver Island

(Encyclopedia) Vancouver Island (1991 pop. 579,921), 12,408 sq mi (32,137 sq km), SW British Columbia, Canada, in the Pacific Ocean; largest island off W North America. It is c.285 mi (460 km) long…

Nicaragua Canal

(Encyclopedia) Nicaragua Canal, proposed waterway between the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. One often considered route would be 172.8 mi (278 km) long and would generally follow the San Juan River…

Byron, John

(Encyclopedia) Byron, John, 1723–86, British vice admiral and explorer. Sailing in 1740 with Admiral George Anson on a voyage around the world, he was shipwrecked off Chile. His Narrative of Great…

Hernández Colón, Rafael

(Encyclopedia) Hernández Colón, RafaelHernández Colón, Rafaelräfäĕlˈ ĕrnänˈdĕs kōlōnˈ [key], 1936–2019, governor of Puerto Rico (1973–77, 1985–93). An honors graduate of Johns Hopkins (1956) and the…

López Portillo y Pacheco, José

(Encyclopedia) López Portillo y Pacheco, JoséLópez Portillo y Pacheco, Joséhōsāˈ lôˈpās pôrtēˈyò ē pächākō [key], 1920–2004, Mexican political leader and president (1976–82). A lawyer and university…