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Medici, Ferdinand II de'

(Encyclopedia) Medici, Ferdinand II de', 1610–70, grand duke of Tuscany (1620–70); son and successor of Cosimo II de' Medici. A pupil of Galileo, he founded (1657) the Accademia del Cimento, the…

Piloty, Karl von

(Encyclopedia) Piloty, Karl vonPiloty, Karl vonkärl fən pēlōˈtē [key], 1826–86, German historical painter; son of Ferdinand Piloty (1786–1844), a noted German lithographer. Karl first won recognition…

Scheiner, Christoph

(Encyclopedia) Scheiner, ChristophScheiner, Christophkrĭsˈtôf shīnˈər [key], 1579?–1650, German astronomer and mathematician, a Jesuit priest. He taught at Ingolstadt, Rome, and elsewhere and became…

Europa, in astronomy

(Encyclopedia) EuropaEuropay&oobreve;rōˈpə [key], in astronomy, one of the 39 known moons, or natural satellites, of Jupiter. Magnetic-field data collected by the space probe Galileo in 2002…

Medici, Cosimo II de'

(Encyclopedia) Medici, Cosimo II de', 1590–1621, grand duke of Tuscany (1609–21); son and successor of Ferdinand I de' Medici. Although Cosimo played a role in the War of the Mantuan Succession, he…

recitative

(Encyclopedia) recitativerecitativerĕsˌĭtətēvˈ [key], musical declamation for solo voice, used in opera and oratorio for dialogue and for narration. Its development at the close of the 16th cent.…

Villari, Pasquale

(Encyclopedia) Villari, PasqualeVillari, Pasqualepäskwäˈlā vēlˈlärē [key], 1826–1917, Italian historian and statesman. He took part in the Revolution of 1848, served in the legislative chamber (1867–…

Clavius, Cristoph

(Encyclopedia) Clavius, CristophClavius, Cristophkrĭsˈtôf klāˈvēəs [key], 1537–1612, German astronomer and mathematician. He entered the Jesuit order in 1555 and studied at Coimbra and Rome. He…