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Biot, Jean Baptiste

(Encyclopedia) Biot, Jean BaptisteBiot, Jean BaptistezhäN bätēstˈ byō [key], 1774–1862, French physicist, grad. École Polytechnique (1797). He taught mathematics at Beauvais before becoming (1800)…

Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore

(Encyclopedia) Niépce, Joseph NicéphoreNiépce, Joseph Nicéphorezhôzĕfˈ nēsāfôrˈ nyĕps [key], 1765–1833, French chemist who originated a process of photography (see photography, still). In 1826 he…

Desnos, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Desnos, RobertDesnos, Robertrôbĕrˈ dĕsnôsˈ [key], 1900–1945, French poet. Among the best-known surrealist poets, he was one of the chief proponents of so-called automatic writing. He…

Jean

(Encyclopedia) JeanJeanzhäN [key], 1921–2019, grand duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000); son of Charlotte, grand duchess of Luxembourg, and Felix, prince of Bourbon-Parma. He fought with Great Britain's…

Ross, Sir John

(Encyclopedia) Ross, Sir John, 1777–1856, British arctic explorer and rear admiral. In 1818 he went in search of the Northwest Passage but turned back after exploring Baffin Bay. Financed by Sir…

Victor Emmanuel I

(Encyclopedia) Victor Emmanuel I, 1759–1824, king of Sardinia (1802–21). His brother and predecessor, Charles Emmanuel IV, lost (1798) all his territories except the island of Sardinia to France in…

Bédié, Henri Konan

(Encyclopedia) Bédié, Henri Konan, 1934–, Ivoirian political leader. A member of the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire–African Democratic Rally (PDCI), Bédié was the country's ambassador to the…

Purcell, Edward Mills

(Encyclopedia) Purcell, Edward Mills, 1912–97, American physicist, b. Taylorville, Ill., Ph.D. Harvard, 1938. During World War II, Purcell was a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of…

Tshisekedi, Félix Antoine

(Encyclopedia) Tshisekedi, Félix Antoine, 1963–, political leader in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, son of longtime opposition leader Étienne Tshisekedi. Elected to the Congolese parliament in…

Ethical Culture movement

(Encyclopedia) Ethical Culture movement, originating in the Society for Ethical Culture, founded in New York City in 1876, by Felix Adler. Its aim is “to assert the supreme importance of the ethical…