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Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanasyevich

(Encyclopedia) Bulgakov, Mikhail AfanasyevichBulgakov, Mikhail Afanasyevichmēkhəyēlˈ əfənäˈsyəvĭch b&oobreve;lgäˈkəf [key], 1891–1940, Russian novelist and playwright. He wrote satirical stories…

Bernanos, Georges

(Encyclopedia) Bernanos, GeorgesBernanos, Georgeszhôrzh bĕrnänōsˈ [key], 1888–1948, French novelist and polemicist. Profoundly Catholic, Bernanos attacked modern materialism and advocated a moral and…

sin, in religion

(Encyclopedia) sin, in religion, unethical act. The term implies disobedience to a personal God, as in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and is not used so often in systems such as Buddhism where…

Milton, John

(Encyclopedia) Milton, John, 1608–74, English poet, b. London, one of the greatest poets of the English language. Milton's theology, although in the Protestant tradition, is extremely…

Manichaeism

(Encyclopedia) ManichaeismManichaeismmănˈĭkēĭzəm [key] or ManichaeanismManichaeanismmănĭkēˈənĭzəm [key], religion founded by Mani (c.216–c.276). Several Christian emperors, including Justinian,…

demon

(Encyclopedia) demon, supernatural being, generally malevolent in character. In general, the more civilized pagan societies came to consider demons as powerful, supernatural beings who lacked the…

Jehovah's Witnesses

(Encyclopedia) Jehovah's Witnesses, Christian group originating in the United States at the end of the 19th cent., organized by Charles Taze Russell, whose doctrine centers on the Second Coming of…

witchcraft

(Encyclopedia) witchcraft, a form of sorcery, or the magical manipulation of nature for self-aggrandizement, or for the benefit or harm of a client. This manipulation often involves the use of spirit…

snake worship

(Encyclopedia) snake worship. The snake has been variously adored as a regenerative power, as a god of evil, as a god of good, as Christ (by the Gnostics), as a phallic deity, as a solar deity, and…

angel

(Encyclopedia) angelangelānˈjəl [key], [Gr.,=messenger], bodiless, immortal spirit, limited in knowledge and power, accepted in the traditional belief of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and other…