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Chaillé-Long, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Chaillé-Long, CharlesChaillé-Long, Charlesshäyāˈ-lông [key], 1842–1917, American soldier, African explorer, and writer, b. Princess Anne, Md. After serving in the Civil War, he was…

Johnson, Jack

(Encyclopedia) Johnson, Jack (John Arthur Johnson), 1878–1946, American boxer, b. Galveston, Tex., the son of two ex-slaves. Emerging from the battle royals (dehumanizing fights between blacks for…

Texas A&M University

(Encyclopedia) Texas A&M University, main campus at College Station; land-grant and state supported; coeducational; chartered 1871 as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, opened 1876…

Murdock, George Peter

(Encyclopedia) Murdock, George Peter, 1897–1985, American anthropologist, b. Meriden, Conn., grad. Yale (B.A., 1919; Ph.D., 1925). He taught at Yale and later at the Univ. of Pittsburgh, becoming…

Helper, Hinton Rowan

(Encyclopedia) Helper, Hinton Rowan, 1829–1909, American writer, b. Davie co., N.C. He was in California during the gold rush and later returned east to write The Land of Gold (1855). His next book,…

Lynch, Loretta Elizabeth

(Encyclopedia) Lynch, Loretta Elizabeth, 1959–, U.S. lawyer and government official, b. Greensboro, N.C., grad. Harvard (A.B. 1981, J.D. 1984). She was a prosecutor in the office of the U.S. attorney…

Dunn, Oscar James

(Encyclopedia) Dunn, Oscar James, c.1825–71, African-American politician, lieutenant governor of Louisiana (1868–71), b. New Orleans. A former slave, he fought for the Union and joined the Republican…

Henson, Matthew Alexander

(Encyclopedia) Henson, Matthew Alexander, 1866–1965, African-American arctic explorer, b. Charles County, Md. He accompanied Robert E. Peary as personal assistant, dog driver, and interpreter on…

ethnic studies

(Encyclopedia) ethnic studies, in American education, programs offering courses in the history and culture of minority groups. Ethnic studies arose as a result of the black protest movement of the…

umkokola

(Encyclopedia) umkokola, small, thorny S and E African tree (Dovyalis caffra, also called kei-apple), widely cultivated in its native area for the round or oval bright yellow fruits. Their juicy pulp…