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Austin, John

(Encyclopedia) Austin, John, 1790–1859, English jurist. He served (1826–32) as professor of jurisprudence at the Univ. of London, and his lectures were published (with additional material) as The…

Martin, Saint, c.316–397, bishop of Tours

(Encyclopedia) Martin, Saint, c.316–397, bishop of Tours. Born a heathen in Pannonia (in modern Hungary), the son of a soldier, he became a convert and refused to fight Christians. He went (c.360) to…

phenylketonuria

(Encyclopedia) phenylketonuriaphenylketonuriafĕnˌəlkētˌən&oobreve;rˈēə [key] (PKU), inherited metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in a specific enzyme (phenylalanine hydroxylase). The…

Gelasius I, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Gelasius I, SaintGelasius I, Saintjĭlāˈshēəs [key], d. 496, pope (492–96); successor of St. Felix III (also known as Felix II). He was a firm upholder of the papal supremacy in a…

Frémont, Jessie Benton

(Encyclopedia) Frémont, Jessie BentonFrémont, Jessie Bentonfrēˈmŏnt [key], 1824–1902, American author, b. Lexington, Va.; daughter of Thomas H. Benton and wife of John Charles Frémont. Her elopement…

Francia, José Gaspar Rodríguez

(Encyclopedia) Francia, José Gaspar RodríguezFrancia, José Gaspar Rodríguezhōsāˈ gäspärˈ rōᵺrēˈgās fränˈsyä [key], 1766–1840, dictator of Paraguay and creator of its national independence, known as…

Ginkel, Godart van, 1st earl of Athlone

(Encyclopedia) Ginkel, Godart van, 1st earl of AthloneGinkel, Godart van, 1st earl of Athlonegōˈdärt vän gĭngˈkəl [key], 1644–1703, Dutch general in the service of William III of England. He…

Flacius Illyricus, Matthias

(Encyclopedia) Flacius Illyricus, MatthiasFlacius Illyricus, Matthiasməthīˈəs flāˈshəs ĭlĭrˈĭkəs [key], 1520–75, German Lutheran reformer, whose original name was Matthias Vlachich or Francowich, b.…

Harden, Maximilian

(Encyclopedia) Harden, MaximilianHarden, Maximilianmäkˌsēmēˈlyän härˈdən [key], 1861–1927, German journalist, whose real name was Witkowski. One of the leading publicists of his time, he was an…

cataract

(Encyclopedia) cataract, in medicine, opacity of the lens of the eye, which impairs vision. In the young, cataracts are generally congenital or hereditary; later they are usually the result of…