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Rulers of Spain since 1474 (table)

(Encyclopedia) Rulers of Spain since 1474(including dates of reign) Union of Castile and Aragón Isabella I (of Castile), ruled jointly with Ferdinand II (of Aragón), 1474–1504 Ferdinand II,…

Northern War

(Encyclopedia) Northern War, 1700–1721, general European conflict, fought in N and E Europe at the same time that the War of the Spanish Succession was fought in the west and the south. It arose…

Adam, Adolphe Charles

(Encyclopedia) Adam, Adolphe CharlesAdam, Adolphe Charlesädōlfˈ shärlˈ ädäNˈ [key], 1803–56, French composer of the popular song Cantique de Noël. He composed more than 50 stage works, including…

Pathé, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Pathé, CharlesPathé, Charlespăthāˈ, Fr. shärl pätāˈ [key], 1873–1957, French photographer. He was the first to present (c.1909) the newsreel as a regular attraction at a theater in…

Sheldon, Gilbert

(Encyclopedia) Sheldon, Gilbert, 1598–1677, English divine, archbishop of Canterbury. He attended Charles I at Oxford and Newmarket and in the Isle of Wight, remaining thereafter in retirement until…

Sackville, Charles, 6th earl of Dorset

(Encyclopedia) Sackville, Charles, 6th earl of Dorset, 1638–1706, English poet and courtier. After the restoration, he became a member of the intimate circle of young rakes and wits at the court of…

Croissy, Charles Colbert, marquis de

(Encyclopedia) Croissy, Charles Colbert, marquis deCroissy, Charles Colbert, marquis deshärl kôlbĕrˈ märkē də krwäsēˈ [key], c.1625–96, French diplomat, brother of Jean Baptiste Colbert. He entered…

Hapsburg, Otto von

(Encyclopedia) Hapsburg, Otto von, 1912–2011, Austrian archduke and former pretender to the Austro-Hungarian throne, son of Emperor Charles I and Empress Zita. After World War II began, he went to…

Charles, Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Charles, Thomas, 1755–1814, Welsh nonconformist clergyman. He was brought up under Methodist influence, attended Oxford (1775–78), and was ordained in the Church of England. He held…

Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of

(Encyclopedia) Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess ofCleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess ofvĭlˈərz, vĭlˈyərz [key], 1641–1709, mistress of King Charles II of England. She became Charles's mistress…